Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10, 023501 (2007)Development of a high average current polarized electron source with long cathode operational lifetimeC. K. Sinclair, P. A. Adderley, B. M. Dunham, J. C. Hansknecht, P. Hartmann, M. Poelker, J. S. Price, P. M. Rutt, W. J. Schneider, and M. Steigerwald |
PRL Celebrates 50 Years
This Week's Milestone Letters are from 1985: |
(Some reference links may require a separate subscription.)
- C. W. Leemann et al., Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 51, 413 (2001) [ADS][CAS].
- C. Reece et al., Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, IL (IEEE, New Jersey, 2001), p. 1186.
- C. K. Sinclair, Jefferson Laboratory Technical Note CEBAF-TN-96-032.
- J. M. Grames, Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2000.
- M. J. Alguard, J. E. Clendenin, R. D. Ehrlich, V. W. Hughes, J. S. Ladish, M. S. Lubell, K. P. Schuler, G. Baum, W. Raith, R. H. Miller, and W. Lysenko, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 163, 29 (1979) [INSPEC][CAS][SPIRES].
- W. von Drachenfels, U. T. Koch, Th. M. Muller, W. Paul, and H. R. Schaeffer, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 140, 47 (1977) [SPIRES].
- M. J. Alguard, J. E. Clendenin, P. S. Cooper, R. D. Ehrlich, V. W. Hughes, M. S. Lubell, G. Baum, and K. P. Schuler, Phys. Rev. A 16, 209 (1977) [SPIN][INSPEC][CAS].
- L. A. Hodge, F. B. Dunning, and G. K. Walters, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 50, 1 (1979) [SPIN][INSPEC][ADS][CAS].
- P. F. Wainwright, M. J. Alguard, G. Baum, and M. S. Lubell, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49, 571 (1978) [SPIN][INSPEC][ADS][CAS].
- D. T. Pierce, F. Meier, and P. Zurcher, Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 670 (1975) [SPIN][INSPEC][ADS][CAS].
- C. K. Sinclair, E. L. Garwin, R. H. Miller, and C. Y. Prescott, A High Intensity Polarized Electron Source for the Stanford Linear Accelerator, in High Energy Physics with Polarized Beams and Targets, Argonne National Laboratory, 1976, AIP Conference Proceedings 35, edited by M. L. Marshak (AIP, New York, 1976), p. 424.
- R. Alley, H. Aoyagi, J. Clendenin, J. Frisch, C. Garden, E. Hoyt, R. Kirby, L. Klaisner, A. Kulikov, R. Miller, G. Mulhollan, C. Prescott, P. Saez, D. Schultz, H. Tang, J. Turner, K. Witte, M. Woods, A. D. Yeremian, and M. Zolotorev, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 365, 1 (1995) [CrossRef][INSPEC][ADS][CAS][SPIRES].
- W. Hartmann, D. Conrath, W. Gasteyer, H. J. Gessinger, W. Heil, H. Kessler, L. Koch, E. Reichert, H. G. Andresen, T. Kettner, B. Wagner, J. Ahrens, J. Jethwa, and F. P. Schafer, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 286, 1 (1990) [CrossRef].
- K. Aulenbacher, Ch. Nachtigall, H. G. Andresen, J. Bermuth, Th. Dombo, P. Drescher, H. Euteneuer, H. Fischer, D. v. Harrach, P. Hartmann, J. Joffmann, P. Jennewein, K. H. Kaiser, S. Kobis, H. J. Kreidel, J. Langbein, M. Petri, S. Plutzer, E. Reichert, M. Schemies, H.-J. Schope, K. H. Steffens, M. Steigerwald, H. Trautner, and Th. Weis, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 391, 498 (1997) [CrossRef][INSPEC][ADS][CAS].
- G. D. Cates, V. W. Hughes, R. Michaels, H. R. Schaefer, T. J. Gay, M. S. Lubell, R. Wilson, G. W. Dodson, K. A. Dow, S. B. Kowalski, K. Isakovich, K. S. Kumar, M. E. Schulze, P. A. Souder, and D. H. Kim, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 278, 293 (1989) [CrossRef][ADS].
- M. J. J. van den Putte, C. W. De Jager, S. G. Konstantinov, V. Ya. Korchagin, F. B. Kroes, E. P. van Leeuwen, B. L. Militsyn, N. H. Papadakis, S. G. Popov, G. V. Serdobintsev, Yu. M. Shatunov, S. V. Shevelev, T. G. B. W. Sluijk, A. S. Terekhov, and Yu. F. Tokarev, Seventh International Workshop on Polarized Gas Targets and Polarized Beams, AIP Conf. Proc. No. 421 (AIP, New York, 1998), p. 260.
- W. Hillert et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 570, 961 (2001).
- B. M. Dunham, L. S. Cardman, and C. K. Sinclair, Proceedings of the 1995 Particle Accelerator Conference, Dallas, TX (IEEE, New Jersey, 1995), p. 1030.
- B. M. Dunham, Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1993.
- E. Reichert, as reported by C. K. Sinclair, High-Energy Spin Physics, Eighth Annual Symposium, AIP Conference Proceedings 187 (American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, NY, 1988), p. 1412.
- D. A. Engwall, B. M. Dunham, L. S. Cardman, D. P. Heddle, and C. K. Sinclair, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 324, 409 (1993) [CrossRef].
- K. Aulenbacher et al., Proceedings of the 14th International Spin Physics Symposium, Osaka, Japan, 2000, p. 949.
- K. Halbach, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Technical Report No. UCRL-17436, 1967.
- J. M. Grames, C. K. Sinclair, J. Mitchell, E. Chudakov, H. Fenker, D. E. Higinbotham, M. Poelker, M. Steigerwald, M. Tiefenback, C. Cavata, S. Escoffier, F. Marie, T. Pussieux, P. Vernin, S. Danagoulian, V. Dharmawardane, R. Fatemi, K. Joo, M. Zeier, V. Gorbenko, R. Nasseripour, B. Raue, R. Sulieman, and B. Zihlmann, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 7, 042802 (2004) [SPIRES].
- NEG pump model WP-950-ST-707, from SAES Getters.
- Compact nested steering magnets, parts no. HRC 334 and no. HRC 335, from Haimson Research Corporation, Santa Clara, CA.
- T. Powers, in Beam Instrumentation Workshop, Stanford, 1998, AIP Conference Proceedings 451 (American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, NY, 1998), p. 256.
- K. A. Aniol et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1096 (1999) [SPIN][CAS][SPIRES].
- T. Maruyama, E. L. Garwin, R. Prepost, and G. H. Zapalac, Phys. Rev. B 46, 4261 (1992). This material can be purchased from Bandwidth Semiconductor, LLC, 25 Sagamore Park Drive, Hudson, NH 03051 [CAS][SPIRES].
- T. Maruyama, D.-A. Luh, A. Brachmann, J. E. Clendenin, E. L. Garwin, S. Harvey, J. Jiang, R. E. Kirby, A. M. Moy, R. Prepost, and C. Y. Prescott, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2640 (2004). Material can be purchased from SVT associates, Inc., 7620 Executive Drive, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 [SPIN][ADS][CAS].
- T. Hiatt, Jefferson Laboratory Technical Note TN-06-049.
- C. Benvenuti, P. Chiggiato, F. Cicoira, and Y. L’Aminot, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 16, 148 (1998) [SPIN][CAS].
- C. Benvenuti, P. Chiggiato, F. Cicoira, and Y. L’Aminot, Vacuum 50, 57 (1998) [CAS].
- J. J. Welch and C. K. Sinclair, SLAC Report 303, Stanford, CA, p. 87.
- M. Poelker, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 2762 (1995) [SPIN][CAS].
- D.-X. Wang, G. A. Krafft, and R. Abbott, Jefferson Laboratory Technical Note TN-94-054.
- B. Dunham, Jefferson Laboratory Technical Note TN-96-042.
- A. V. Aleksandrov et al., Phys. Rev. E 51, 1449 (1995).
- P. Hartmann et al., Proceedings of the Workshop on Polarized Electrons and Low-Energy Polarimeters, Amsterdam, 1996; Published in the Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on High Energy Spin Physics (SPIN96), edited by C. W. de Jager et al. (World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1996); also P. Hartmann et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 379, 15 (1996) [CrossRef][CAS].
- Optical autocorrelator model FR-103XL from Femtochrome Research Inc., 2123 4th Street, Berkeley, CA 94710.
- C. Hovater and M. Poelker, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 418, 280 (1998) [CrossRef][CAS]; U.S. Patent No. 6483858; M. Poelker and J. Hansknecht, IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, IL, 2001.
- GP100 Sorb-AC cartridge pump on 4.5′′ knife-edge flange, with ST 707 material from SAES Getters.
- DI pumps purchased from Perkin Elmer, now Gamma Vacuum, 2915 13rd Street West, Shakopee, MN 55379. Perkin Elmer model 204-3000, 30 L/s nominal pump speed. Gamma Vacuum model Titan DI-40s-4D, 35 L/s nominal pump speed.
- Residual gas analyzer model RGA200 manufactured by Stanford Research Systems, 1290-D Reamwood Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94089.
- Ionivac IM 520 extractor gauge manufactured by Leybold Vacuum GmbH, Bonner Strasse 498, D-50968, Koln, Germany.
- Compressed Fibrefrax sheets, 2′′ thick, 2′×4′ panels, Part No. 739781100 Thermal Products Company, Inc. 4520 S. Berkeley Lake Road, Norcross, GA 30071-1639.
- Leister Type 5000 hot air tool, 4 kW at 220VAC, in combination with Leister “Silence” air blower.
- Bakeable right-angle, all-metal valve from Vacuum Generators, Model VZCR40R, purchased from Kurt J. Lesker Company, P.O. Box 10, 1925 Route 51, Clairton, PA 15025-2700.
- All-metal gate valve with pneumatic actuator bakeable to 300 C, Series 48, from VAT Inc., 500 West Cummings Park, Suites 5450-5650, Woburn, MA 01801. Manually actuated gate valves of this design were used to isolate chambers of the load-locked gun.
- Oil-free roughing pump, Drytel 100, consisting of a molecular drag pump (model 5030) backed by a diaphragm pump (model 85501) from Alcatel Vacuum Products (now Adixen), 67 Sharp Street, Hingham, MA 02043.
- P. A. Redhead, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12, 904 (1994) [SPIN]; P. A. Redhead, Vacuum 53, 137 (1999) [CAS].
- Ultrahigh vacuum ion-pump power supply with pump current resolution <1 nA. Model EOS-902, from Eye On Science LLC, 527 Lakeshead Dr., Williamsburg, VA 23185.
- P. M. Rutt and A. R. Day, Jefferson Laboratory Technical Note TN-01-030; M. Stutzman, Jefferson Laboratory Technical Note TN-05-083; A description of the basic anodizing procedure can be found in B. M. Dunham and C. K. Sinclair, NPL Polarized Source Group Technical Note No. 90-3, University of Illinois, Urbana/Champaign; and in B. Schwartz et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 123, 1089 (1976) [INSPEC][CAS].
- V. L. Alperovich, A. G. Paulish, H. E. Scheibler, and A. S. Terekhov, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 2122 (1995) [SPIN][INSPEC][ADS][CAS].
- C. K, Sinclair, B. M. Poelker, and J. S. Price, in Proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, BC (IEEE, Piscatasay, NJ, 1997), p. 2864.
- Y. Okada and J. S. Harris, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 14, 1725 (1996) [SPIN][INSPEC][CAS].
- M. Poelker, K. P. Coulter, R. J. Holt, C. E. Jones, R. S. Kowalczyk, L. Young, B. Zeidman, and D. K. Toporkov, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 364, 58 (1995) [CrossRef][CAS].
- E. Petit and F. Houzay, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12, 547 (1994) [SPIN][INSPEC][CAS].
- M. Poelker, K. P. Coulter, R. J. Holt, C. E. Jones, R. S. Kowalczyk, L. Young, B. Zeidman and D. K. Toporkov, Phys. Rev. A 50, 2450 (1994); [SPIN][INSPEC][CAS][MEDLINE]; and C. Baumgartner et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 508, 268 (2003) [CrossRef][CAS].
- M. Baylac, P. Adderley, J. Brittian, J. Clark, T. Day, J. Grames, J. Hansknecht, M. Poelker, M. Stutzman, A. T. Wu, and A. S. Terekhov, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 123501 (2005) [SPIRES].
- Cesium dispenser from SAES Getters, Part No. Cs/NF/5.4/25/FT10+10.
- UHV gas dosing valve, Balzers UDV 035 from Pfeiffer Vacuum, 24 Trafalgar Square, Nashua, NH 03063.
- C. K. Sinclair, in Advanced Accelerator Concepts, edited by F. E. Mills, AIP Conference Proceedings No. 156 (American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, NY, 1987), p. 298.
- T. Wada, T. Nitta, T. Nomura, M. Miyao, and M. Hagino, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 29, 2087 (1990) [CrossRef][CAS].
- D. Durek, R. Hoffmann, T. Reichelt, and M. Westermann, in Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on High Energy Spin Physics (SPIN96), edited by C. W. de Jager et al. (World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1997), p. 677.
- Optical power meter Model 1830-C with 818-SL/CM detector head and calibration module from Newport Corporation, 1791 Deere Avenue, Irvine, CA 92606.
- Autoranging picoammeter, model 485/4853 from Keithley Instruments, Inc, 28775 Aurora Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44139.
- H. Fischer, P. Drescher, and E. Reichert, SLAC 432-Rev., SLAC, Stanford, CA, 1994, p. 249.
- B. Goldstein and D. Szostak, Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 111 (1975) [SPIN][INSPEC][ADS][CAS].
- K. Aulenbacher, SLAC 432-Rev., SLAC, Stanford, CA, 1994, p. 1.
- M. Breidenbach, M. Foss, J. Hodgson, A. Kulikov, A. Odian, G. Putallaz, H. Rogers, R. Schindler, K. Skarpaas, and M. Zolotorev, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 350, 1 (1994) [CrossRef][CAS].
- W. Schneider et al., in Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference, New York (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1999), p. 1991.
- Ultrahigh vacuum sample manipulators from Transfer Engineering and Manufacturing, 47697 Westinghouse Drive, Suite 100, Fremont, CA 94539.
- M. Stutzman et al., in Proceedings of the Workshop on Polarized Electron Sources and Polarimeters, Danvers, Massachussetts; published with the Proceedings of the 15th International Spin Physics Symposium (SPIN 2002), p. 1078.
- M. Poelker et al., in the Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Polarized Sources and Targets, Tokyo, Japan (to be published); and J. Grames et al., in the Proceedings of the 17th International Spin Physics Symposium, Kyoto, Japan (to be published).


