Search Results (7 total)

The Napoly integral is the very useful method for calculations of wake potentials in structures where parts of the boundary extend below the beam pipe radius or the radii of the two beam pipes at both ends are unequal. It reduces CPU time a lot by deforming the integration path so that the integration contour is confined to the finite length over the gap of the structures. However, the original Napoly method cannot be applied to the transverse wake potentials in a structure where the two beam tubes on both sides have unequal radii . In this case, the integration path needed to be a straight line and the integration is stretched out to an infinite, in principle. We generalize the Napoly integrals so that integrals are always confined in a finite length even when the two beam tubes have unequal radii, for both longitudinal and transverse wake potential calculations. The extended method has been successfully implemented to the ABCI code.

A gap in the vacuum chamber stands between a beam and the outside world, and the theoretical elucidation of the interaction mechanism between the gap and the beam is of great importance to understand the interaction of any device with the beam. In this paper, we will present the formulas for the longitudinal and transverse impedances due to a gap in the beam chamber. In this process, we will derive the complete solutions of electromagnetic fields effective in the entire region, including the inside and the outside of the chamber, in a form that they can be easily numerically evaluated. The newly developed technique can provide new methods of solutions of electromagnetic fields also for a rather broad class of structures such as cavities. The numerical results of impedances are consistent with the ABCI results and their behavior in high frequency agrees well with the prediction of the diffraction theory. Our theory can also accurately reproduce the behavior of the impedance near and above the cutoff frequencies. In addition, our theory is applicable even to the impedances for nonrelativistic beams. We found that the broadband impedance of the small cavitylike structure can be estimated from the gap size and the chamber radius only, regardless of the exact shape of the structure. We also found that the transverse impedance of a gap has a large resonance peak at the frequency where the wavelength is equal to the chamber circumference. This resonance peak appears around 1–2 GHz in most of the cases, and we should be careful to design a ceramic break so that this transverse mode will not leak out to interact with nearby devices.

A vertical coupled-bunch instability was observed for a positron beam at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC). The experimental results show that the instability has similar characteristics as that observed in the Photon Factory of KEK several years ago. The instability at BEPC can be explained by the effect of an electron cloud which is produced in the beam chamber by synchrotron light hitting the wall.

The use of TE₁₂ in circular waveguide with smooth walls was suggested for low-loss transport of rf signals in multimoded systems [S. G. Tantawi et al., in Advanced Accelerator Concepts: Eighth Workshop, edited by Wes Lawson, AIP Conf. Proc. No. 472 (AIP, New York, 1999), pp. 967–974]. Such systems use the same waveguide to transport different signals over different modes. In this report we detail a series of experiments designed to measure the characteristics of this mode. We also describe the different techniques used to generate it and receive it. The experiments were done at X band around a frequency of 11.424 GHz, the frequency of choice for future linear colliders at X band [The NLC Design Group, Report No. LBNL-PUB-5424, SLAC Report No. 474, Report No. UCRL-ID 124161, 1996; The JLC Design Group, KEK-REPORT-97-1, 1997]. The transportation medium is 55 m of highly overmoded circular waveguide. The design of the joining flanges is also presented.

Direct evidence of the fast beam-ion instability (FBII) was obtained in the Pohang Light Source by measuring the bunch-by-bunch parameters from the snapshots of the beam image. With the direct observation, we confirmed the FBII signals and clarified uncertainties of the blowup factors quantitatively: bunch size blowup of ∼2σ_y and the oscillation amplitude of ∼0.75σ_y. Suppression of the FBII was also demonstrated in the presence of the multiple gases or an extra clearing gap in the bunch train.

The so-called fast beam-ion instability, if it really exists, is going to be a serious problem for future accelerators such as B factories. A series of experiments has been conducted at the Pohang Light Source to test the existence of this new instability. An adequate amount of He gas was injected into the ring to enhance the ion effects. The results of the experiment strongly support the existence of the instability. The measured ion frequencies agree well with the linear theory. They even appear in normal operation condition with enough bunch current and bunch train length. Above all, measurements of the single pass beam position monitor clearly show the coherent oscillations with the amplitude increasing along the length of the bunch train, as predicted by the theory of this new instability.

We have developed a three-dimensional free-electron laser (FEL) theory in the small-signal high-gain regime based upon the Maxwell-Vlasov equations including the effects of the energy spread, the emittance, and the betatron oscillations of the electron beam. The radiation field is expressed in terms of the Green’s function of the inhomogeneous wave equation and the distribution function of the electron beam. The distribution function is expanded in terms of a set of orthogonal functions determined by the unperturbed electron distributions. The coupled Maxwell-Vlasov equations are then reduced to a matrix equation, from which a dispersion relation for the eigenvalues is derived. The growth rate for the fundamental mode can be obtained for any initial beam distribution including the hollow-beam, the water-bag, and the Gaussian distribution. Comparisons of our numerical solutions with simulation results and with other analytical approaches show good agreements except for the one-dimensional limit. We present a handy interpolating formula for the FEL gain of a Gaussian beam, as a function of the scaled parameters, that can be used for a quick estimate of the gain. The present theory can be applied to the beam-conditioning case by a few modifications.