Space charge resonances in two and three dimensional anisotropic beams

The theory and simulation of coherent resonant coupling due to space charge in coasting or bunched anisotropic equilibrium beams is presented. Our work confirms that analytical results on coherent oscillations and instabilities of anisotropic KV (Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij) distributions are a valid tool to interpret the findings from 2D and 3D self-consistent particle-in-cell simulations for both KV and waterbag distributions. With reference to rings we discuss space charge coherent tune shifts up to fourth order and introduce a coherent coupled mode coefficient, which enables us to resolve the issue of KV anomalies by relating them to negative energy modes. The second emphasis of this study is with reference to linacs and a detailed discussion of “stability charts” describing resonant regions where approach to equipartition may occur.