Stochastic effects in real and simulated charged particle beams

The Vlasov equation embodies the smooth field approximation of the self-consistent equation of motion for charged particle beams. This framework is fundamentally altered if we include the fluctuating forces that originate from the actual charge granularity. We thereby perform the transition from a reversible description to a statistical mechanics description covering also the irreversible aspects of beam dynamics. Taking into account contributions from fluctuating forces is mandatory if we want to describe effects such as intrabeam scattering or temperature balancing within beams. Furthermore, the appearance of “discreteness errors” in computer simulations of beams can be modeled as “exact” beam dynamics that are being modified by fluctuating “error forces.” It will be shown that the related emittance increase depends on two distinct quantities: the magnitude of the fluctuating forces embodied in a friction coefficient, γ, and the correlation time dependent average temperature anisotropy. These analytical results are verified by various computer simulations.