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Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 11, 041002 (2008) [18 pages]

Electron cloud observations and cures in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

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W. Fischer*, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, H. Huang, H.-C. Hseuh, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, J. Wei, and S. Y. Zhang
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA

U. Iriso
CELLS, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain

Received 29 August 2007; published 18 April 2008

Since 2001, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has experienced electron cloud effects, some of which have limited the beam intensity. These include dynamic pressure rises (including pressure instabilities), tune shifts, a reduction of the instability threshold for bunches crossing the transition energy, and possibly incoherent emittance growth. We summarize the main observations in operation and dedicated experiments as well as countermeasures including baking, nonevaporable getter coated warm beam pipes, solenoids, bunch patterns, antigrazing rings, prepumped cold beam pipes, scrubbing, and operation with long bunches.

This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

© 2008 The American Physical Society

URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.041002
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.041002
PACS:
29.20.db, 29.27.Bd

*Wolfram.Fischer@bnl.gov